title	count CodeLab	count 19s	subTot 19s	CodeLab exercise	odeLab title
Introducing Python book
Table of Contents
Page numbers might be a little off
Begin Unit A CodeLab
Preface xv
1. A Taste of Py 1
Python in the Real World 5
Python versus Language X 6
So, Why Python? 9
When Not to Use Python 9
Python 2 versus Python 3 10
Installing Python 10
Running Python 11
Using the Interactive Interpreter 11
Use Python Files 12
What’s Next? 13
Your Moment of Zen 13
Things to Do 14
2. Py Ingredients: Numbers, Strings,
and Variables 152. Py Ingredients: Numbers, Strings,
and Variables 15
Variables, Names, and Objects 15	5	5	5	51001 51014 51019 51013 51043	Assignment of variables
Numbers 19	14	3	8	51872 51029 51030 51031 51085 51032 51033 51034 51044 51045 51046 51048 51047 59249	Arithmetic expressions
Integers 19
Precedence 23
Bases 24
Type Conversions 25	8	8	16	51750 51751 51752 51753 51026 51024 51843 51842	Conversions (some of these are near this section in the book)
How Big Is an int? 26
Floats 27
Math Functions 27
Strings 27
Create with Quotes 28
Convert Data Types by Using str() 30
Escape with \ 30
Combine with + 31	2	2	18	51611 51612	list slicing/splicing/concatenation (first two)
Duplicate with * 32
Extract a Character with [] 32	11	3	21	51840 51841 51836 51847 51846 51763 51760 51761 51762 51855 51868	Strings
Begin Unit B CodeLab
Slice with [start: end: step] 33	11	7	28	51764 51765 51771 51772 51850 51851 51852 81853 51844 51848 51854	Slicing
Slice with [start: end: step] 33	7	4	32	51613 51614 51615 51616 51617 51618 51619	list slicing/splicing/concatenation (second group)
Get Length with len() 35	2	2	34	51211 51602	list-methods (part here)
Split with split() 35	5	3	37	51078 51079 51080 51081 51082
Combine with join() 36
Playing with Strings 36	3	3	40	51849 51889 51890	finding
Begin Unit C CodeLab
Case and Alignment 37
Substitute with replace() 38
More String Things 39
Things to Do 39
3. Py Filling: Lists, Tuples,
Dictionaries, and Sets 41
Lists and Tuples 41
Lists 42
Create with [] or list() 42	5	4	44	51600 51601 51192 51193 51194	List initialization
Convert Other Data Types to Lists with list() 43
Get an Item by Using [offset] 43	14	2	46	51203 51201 51195 51196 51197 51199 51200 51202 51204 51205 51206 51207 51208 51209	list indexing (move 51280 later with loops)
Lists of Lists 44
Change an Item by [offset] 45
Get a Slice to Extract Items by Offset Range 45
Add an Item to the End with append() 46	10	2	48	51603 51275 51276 51277 51278 51284 51285 51287 51288 51289	list-addition/retrieval/deletion
Combine Lists by Using extend() or += 46
Add an Item by Offset with insert() 46
Delete an Item by Offset with del 47	3	2	50	51609 51607 51608	list-addition/retrieval/deletion
Delete an Item by Value with remove() 47
Get an Item by Offset and Delete It by Using pop() 47	2	2	52	51605 51606	list-methods(part here)
Find an Item’s Offset by Value with index() 48
Test for a Value with in 48	3	3	55	51620 51621 51213	list membership
Count Occurrences of a Value by Using count() 49
Convert to a String with join() 49
Reorder Items with sort() 49	6	4	59	51212 51610 51256 51294 51295 51296	list-methods(part here)
Reorder Items with sort() 49	1	1	60	51283	functions and lists
Begin Unit D CodeLab
Get Length by Using len() 50
Assign with =, Copy with copy() 50
Tuples 52
Create a Tuple by Using () 52	5	3	63	31700 51701 51706 51707 51708
Tuples versus Lists 53
Dictionaries 53
Create with {} 54	2	2	65	51815 51816
Convert by Using dict() 54
Add or Change an Item by [ key] 55Add or Change an Item by [ key] 55	5	3	68	51818 51820 51821 51822 51823
Combine Dictionaries with update() 56
Delete an Item by Key with del 57	3	3	71	51819 51824 51825
Delete All Items by Using clear() 57
Test for a Key by Using in 58
Get an Item by [key] 58	1	1	72	51817
Get All Keys by Using keys() 59
Get All Values by Using values() 59
Get All Key-Value Pairs by Using items() 59
Assign with =, Copy with copy() 59
Sets 60
Create with set() 61	4	2	74	51800 51802 51803 51804
Create with set() 61	6	3	77	51805 51806 51807 51809 51810 51811
Convert from Other Data Types with set() 61	1	1	78	51248
Test for Value by Using in 62	1	1	79	51808
Begin Unit E CodeLab
Combinations and Operators 63
Compare Data Structures 66
Make Bigger Data Structures 66
Things to Do 67
4. Py Crust: Code Structures 69
Comment with # 69
Continue Lines with \ 70
Compare with if, elif, and else 71	14	2	81	51109 51112 51113 51173 51061 51062 51063 51165 51166 51167 51110 51111 51065 51064	Logical Operators
Compare with if, elif, and else 71	8	2	83	51114 51115 51116 51117 51102 51217 51160 51896	if
Compare with if, elif, and else 71	4	2	85	51891 51892 51893 51897	boolean values and variables
Compare with if, elif, and else 71	5	2	87	51118 51119 51120 51121 51122	if-else
Compare with if, elif, and else 71	3	3	90	51900 51898 51899	cascaded and nested if
Compare with if, elif, and else 71	10	2	92	51915 51912 51913 51914 51910 51911 51901 51902 51903 51905	range-testing
What Is True? 74
Repeat with while 75	6	2	94	51180 51181 51187 51251 51252 51253	while loops
Repeat with while 75	9	3	97	51935 51936 51937 51938 51939 51940 51941 51942 51943	input testing loops
Repeat with while 75	1	1	98	51007	loops and tuples
Begin Unit F CodeLab
Repeat with while 75	2	2	100	51214 51215	list-traversal (part)
Repeat with while 75	2	2	102	51291 51292	loops and lists (part)
Repeat with while 75	1	1	103	51012	loops and lists (combos)
Cancel with break 75
Skip Ahead with continue 76
Check break Use with else 76
Iterate with for 77	13	13	116	51176 51177 51259 51250 51286 51268 51269 51929 51930 51931 51932 51933 51934	for and range
Iterate with for 77	2	2	118	51946 51945	nested loops
Begin Unit G CodeLab
Iterate with for 77	11	11	129	51270 51271 51272 51273 51274 51279 51006 51002 51003 51004 51005	loops and strings
Iterate with for 77	4	4	133	51210 51216 51219 51263	list-traversal (part)
Iterate with for 77	1	1	134	51280	list indexing (move 51280 later with loops)
Iterate with for 77	4	4	138	51262 51264 51266 51267
Iterate with for 77	3	3	141	51290 51293 51297	loops and lists
Begin Unit H CodeLab
Iterate with for 77	3	3	144	51298 51301 51305	set iteration
Iterate with for 77	1	1	145	51302	dictionary adding/removal
Iterate with for 77	12	12	157	51828 51829 51830 51831 51826 51300 51265 51281 51299 51827 51282 51832	dictionary traversal
Iterate with for 77	2	2	159	51303 51304
Begin Unit I CodeLab
Cancel with break 78
input function small mention 79
Skip with continue 78
Check break Use with else 78
Iterate Multiple Sequences with zip() 79
Generate Number Sequences with range() 80	2	2	161	51257 51258	list-creation from range
Other Iterators 81
Comprehensions 81
List Comprehensions 81
Dictionary Comprehensions 83	2	2	163	51260 51261
Set Comprehensions 84
Generator Comprehensions 84
Functions 85	11	9	172	51074 51156 51073 51075 51076 51077 51143 51144 51146 51145 51147	Invoking functions
Functions 85	2	2	174	51148 51149	composition
Functions 85	2	2	176	51155 51016	function definition
Functions 85	3	3	179	51105 51158 51218	functions and if statements
Begin Unit J CodeLab
Functions 85	4	4	183	51162 51008 51009 51011	function and loops
Positional Arguments 89
Keyword Arguments 89
Specify Default Parameter Values 90
Gather Positional Arguments with * 91
Gather Keyword Arguments with ** 92
Docstrings 92
Functions Are First-Class Citizens 93
Inner Functions 95
Closures 95
Anonymous Functions: the lambda() Function 96
Generators 98
Decorators 99
Namespaces and Scope 101
Uses of _ and __ in Names 103
Handle Errors with try and except 103
Make Your Own Exceptions 105
Things to Do 106
5. Py Boxes: Modules, Packages,
and Programs 109
Standalone Programs 109
Command-Line Arguments 110
Modules and the import Statement 110
Import a Module 110
Import a Module with Another Name 112
Import Only What You Want from a Module 112
Module Search Path 113
Packages 113
The Python Standard Library 114
Handle Missing Keys with setdefault() and defaultdict() 114
Count Items with Counter() 116
Order by Key with OrderedDict() 118
Stack + Queue == deque 118
Iterate over Code Structures with itertools 119
Print Nicely with pprint() 120
More Batteries: Get Other Python Code 121
Things to Do 121
6. Oh Oh: Objects and Classes 123
What Are Objects? 123
Define a Class with class 124	6	5	188	51225 51226 51227 51244 51245 51227
Inheritance 126
Override a Method 127
Add a Method 128
Get Help from Your Parent with super 129
In self Defense 130
Get and Set Attribute Values with Properties 131
Name Mangling for Privacy 133
Method Types 134
Duck Typing 135
Special Methods 137
Composition 140
When to Use Classes and Objects versus Modules 141
Named Tuples 141
Things to Do 143
7. Mangle Data Like a Pro 145
Text Strings 145
Unicode 145
Format 152
Match with Regular Expressions 156
Binary Data 163
bytes and bytearray 164
Convert Binary Data with struct 165
Other Binary Data Tools 168
Convert Bytes/Strings with binascii() 169
Bit Operators 169
Things to Do 170
8. Data Has to Go Somewhere 173
File Input/Output 173
Write a Text File with write() 174
Read a Text File with read(), readline(), or readlines() 176
Write a Binary File with write() 177
Read a Binary File with read() 178
Close Files Automatically by Using with 178
Change Position with seek() 179
Structured Text Files 181
CSV 181
XML 183
HTML 185
JSON 185
YAML 188
A Security Note 189
Configuration Files 190
Other Interchange Formats 191
Serialize by Using pickle 191
Structured Binary Files 192
Spreadsheets 192
HDF5 192
Relational Databases 193
SQL 194
DB-API 195
SQLite 196
MySQL 198
PostgreSQL 198
SQLAlchemy 198
NoSQL Data Stores 204
The dbm Family 204
Memcached 205
Redis 206
Other NoSQL 214
Full-Text Databases 214
Things to Do 215
9. The Web, Untangled 217
Web Clients 218
Test with telnet 219
Python’s Standard Web Libraries 220
Beyond the Standard Library: Requests 222
Web Servers 223
The Simplest Python Web Server 223
Web Server Gateway Interface 224
Frameworks 225
Bottle 226
Flask 228
Non-Python Web Servers 232
Other Frameworks 234
Web Services and Automation 236
The webbrowser Module 236
Web APIs and Representational State Transfer 236
JSON 237
Crawl and Scrape 237
Scrape HTML with BeautifulSoup 238
Things to Do 239
10. Systems 241
Files 24
Create with open() 241
Check Existence with exists() 242
Check Type with isfile() 242
Copy with copy() 243
Change Name with rename() 243
Link with link() or symlink() 243
Change Permissions with chmod() 243
Change Ownership with chown() 244
Get a Pathname with abspath() 244
Get a symlink Pathname with realpath() 244
Delete a File with remove() 244
Directories 244
Create with mkdir() 245
Delete with rmdir() 245
List Contents with listdir() 245
Change Current Directory with chdir() 246
List Matching Files with glob() 246
Programs and Processes 247
Create a Process with subprocess 247
Create a Process with multiprocessing 249
Kill a Process with terminate() 249
Calendars and Clocks 250
The datetime Module 251
Using the time Module 254
Read and Write Dates and Times 255
Alternative Modules 258
Things to Do 259
11. Concurrency and Networks 261
Concurrency 262
Queues 263
Processes 264
Threads 265
Green Threads and gevent 267
twisted 270
asyncio 271
Redis 271
Beyond Queues 275
Networks 276
Patterns 276
The Publish-Subscribe Model 276
TCP/IP 28
Sockets 281
ZeroMQ 285
Scapy 289
Internet Services 290
Web Services and APIs 291
Remote Processing 292
Big Fat Data and MapReduce 297
Working in the Clouds 298
Things to Do 302
12. Be a Pythonista 303
About Programming 303
Find Python Code 304
Install Packages 304
Use pip 305
Use a Package Manager 305
Install from Source 306
Integrated Development Environments 306
IDLE 306
PyCharm 306
IPython 307
Name and Document 307
Testing Your Code 309
Check with pylint, pyflakes, and pep8 309
Test with unittest 311
Test with doctest 315
Test with nose 316
Other Test Frameworks 317
Continuous Integration 317
Debugging Python Code 317
Debug with pdb 318
Logging Error Messages 324
Optimize Your Code 326
Measure Timing 327
Algorithms and Data Structures 328
Cython, NumPy, and C Extensions 329
PyPy 330
Source Control 330
Mercurial 330
Git 330
Clone This Book 333
How You Can Learn More 333
Books 334
Websites 334
Groups 335
Conferences 335
Coming Attractions 335
A. Py Art 337
B. Py at Work 351
C. Py Sci 365
Math and Stastics in the Standard Library
Math Functions
Working with Complex Numbers
Calculating Accurate Floating Point with decimal
Peform Rational Arithmetic with fractions
Use Packed Sequences with array
Handle Simple Stats bu Using statistics
Matrix Multiplication
Scientific Python
NumPy
Make an Array with array()
Make an Array with arange()
Make an Array with zeros(), ones(), or random()
Change an Array’s Shape with reshape()
Get an Element with []
Array Math
Linear Algebra
The SiPy Library
The SiKit Library
The IPython Library
A Better Interpreter
IPython Notebook
Python and Scientific Areas
D. Install Python 3 385
Install Standard Python
Mac OS X
Windows
Linux or Unix
Install Anaconda
Install and Use ip and virtualenv
Install and use Conda
E. Answers to Exercises 395
F. Cheat Sheets 429
Operator Preedence
String Methods	12	12	200	51885 51865 51870 51856 51857 51858 51859 51860 51861 51862 51863 51864	String Coparisons and Logical Operations (mostly better solved with string methods)
Begin week 11 CodeLab
String Methods	5	5	205	51757 51758 51759 51766 51767	More Methods
String Methods	4	4	209	51768 51769 51770 51773	More Methods
String Module Attributes
Index 433
No Reading assignment
Not found in book
try finally block
No switch in Python	3	0	209	51909 51894 51895	switch
Conditional Expressions	2	2	211	51867 51866	Conditional Expressions
					NOTE: omit Old Formatting
					NOTE: omit Additional Exercises
					Net:
Required total			211